Ocean Observing has become a system for observations, modeling and analysis of marine and ocean parameters that support operational ocean activities such as fisheries, recreational boating, natural hazards warnings, search and rescue operations, and marine operations, as well as scientific inquiry. Through an ocean observing system these diverse user groups can receive accurate descriptions of the present state of the oceans including living resources, continuous forecasts of future sea conditions, and forecast indicators for climate change.

A Coastal Ocean Observing System is designed to produce and disseminate ocean observations and related products in a common format and according to sound scientific practice. The Coastal Ocean encompasses the region from the head of the tide to the seaward boundary of the Exclusive Economic Zone or EEZ, which is a seazone where states have special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.

Coastal regions including the Great Lakes form a partnership that's linked to users via an interactive flow of data and information, which is first measured and transmitted, then organized, cataloged, and disseminated, and finally translated into products that meet users' needs and requirements. A management oversight system insures the continued and routine flow of data and information as well as the ongoing adaptation to user groups with the development of new technologies.